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Abu Zubaydah (Zayn al-Abidin Muhammed Hussein Abu Zubaydah) is a Saudi citizen who helped manage the Khalden training camp in Afghanistan. Captured in Pakistan on March 28, 2002, he has since been held by the United States as an enemy combatant. Beginning in August 2002, Abu Zubaydah was the first prisoner to undergo "enhanced interrogation techniques." Since the Spanish Inquisition, these practices have been characterized as torture.〔〔 There is disagreement among government sources as to how effective these techniques were; some officials contend that Abu Zubaydah gave his most valuable information before they were used; the CIA lied when John Rizzo of the CIA said he gave more material afterward. The American intelligence community asserts Khalden was a camp for training al Qaeda recruits in the 1990s, but detainees and other sources have disputed this conclusion. Abu Zubaydah was sent to a black site in Thailand, where he was interrogated first by F.B.I. agents using traditional interrogation techniques and then by C.I.A. employees and contractors, who in August 2002 were authorized to use so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", as termed by the Bush administration. Since 2006, Abu Zubaydah has been held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. While in CIA custody, Zubaydah lost his left eye.〔()〕 Although President George W. Bush claimed in 2006 three examples of intelligence derived from the torture of Abu Zubaydah by the CIA, which he said showed that it was justified, later reporting has established that the prisoner gave two of the names under conventional interrogation by the FBI, and intelligence analysts already had leads from other sources to the third person.〔 ==Initial interrogation efforts== The plans originally called for a joint FBI and CIA interrogation of Abu Zubaydah. However, two FBI agents, Ali Soufan and Steve Gaudin, arrived first at the black site in Thailand where Abu Zubaydah was being held. Their interrogation started with standard interview techniques and also included cleaning and dressing Abu Zubaydah's wounds. Ali Soufan stated that "()e kept him alive. It wasn't easy, he couldn't drink, he had a fever. I was holding ice to his lips."〔 The agents attempted to convince Abu Zubaydah that they knew of his activities in languages he understood: English and Arabic.〔〔 Both agents believed they were making good progress in gathering intelligence from Abu Zubaydah. During these sessions, Abu Zubaydah revealed that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, known as "Mukhtar" to Abu Zubaydah, was the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks and that American José Padilla had wanted to use a "dirty bomb" in a terror attack.〔〔〔〔 When the CIA interrogation team arrived a week or two later than the FBI team,〔 they concluded that Abu Zubaydah was holding back information and that harsher techniques were necessary.〔〔〔 The CIA team was led by CIA contractor and former Air Force psychologist James Elmer Mitchell.〔 Mitchell ordered that Abu Zubaydah answer questions or face a gradual increase in aggressive techniques.〔 In 2009 Soufan testified before Congress that his FBI team was removed from Abu Zubaydah's interrogation multiple times, only to be asked to return when the harsher interrogation tactics of the CIA proved unsuccessful. Ali Soufan was alarmed by the early CIA tactics, such as enforced nudity, cold temperatures, and blaring loud rock music in Zubaydah's cell.〔〔 Soufan reported to his FBI superiors that the CIA's interrogation constituted "borderline torture."〔 He was particularly concerned about a coffin-like box he discovered that had been built by the CIA interrogation team.〔 He was so angry he called the FBI assistant director for counterterrorism, Pasquale D'Amaro, and shouted, "I swear to God, I'm going to arrest these guys!"〔〔 Afterward, both FBI agents were ordered to leave the facility by FBI Director Robert Mueller.〔〔 Ali Soufan left, but Steve Gaudin stayed an additional few weeks and continued to participate in the interrogation.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Interrogation of Abu Zubaydah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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